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International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) Pronunciation Guide
Stress
| /ˈ/ | before primary accented syllable | |
| /ˌ/ | before secondary accented syllable |
Consonants
| /p/ | pit | |
| /b/ | bit | |
| /t/ | tin | |
| /d/ | din | |
| /k/ | cut | |
| /ɡ/ | gut | |
| /tʃ/ | cheap | |
| /dʒ/ | jeep | |
| /m/ | map | |
| /n/ | nap | |
| /ŋ/ | bang | |
| /f/ | fat | |
| /v/ | vat | |
| /θ/ | thin | |
| /ð/ | then | |
| /s/ | sap | |
| /z/ | zap | |
| /ʃ/ | she | |
| /ʒ/ | measure | |
| /x/ | loch, Chanukah | |
| /h/ | ham | |
| /ʍ/ | whine | |
| /w/ | we | |
| /ɹ/ | run | |
| /j/ | yes | |
| /l/ | left |
Vowels (General American Pronunciation)
Monophthongs
| /ɪ/ | bid | |
| /ʊ/ | good | |
| /ɛ/ | bed | |
| /ʌ/ | bud | |
| /æ/ | bad | |
| /i/ | bead | |
| /u/ | booed | |
| /e/ | bayed | |
| /o/ | bode | |
| /ɝ/ | bird | |
| /ɔ/ or /ɑ/ | bought | |
| /ɑ/ | body, pod, father |
Diphthongs
| /ɔɪ/ | boy | |
| /aɪ/ | buy, thigh | |
| /aʊ/ | bout, cow | |
| /ɪɹ/ | beer, here | |
| /ʊɹ/ | boor, manure | |
| /ɛɹ/ | bear, air | |
| /ɔɹ/ | bore | |
| /ɑɹ/ | bar |
Reduced Vowels
| /ɨ/ | roses | |
| /ə/ | Rosa’s | |
| /ɚ/ | runner |